天(tian)然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)也(ye)(ye)稱頁(ye)巖瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，是(shi)對天(tian)然(ran)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)做(zuo)房(fang)頂蓋(gai)(gai)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)通俗稱法，規范術(shu)語為(wei)(wei)(wei)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。據考證，在(zai)我國(guo)的(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)巖之鄉”陜西(xi)紫(zi)陽(yang)縣，自先秦時刻就開(kai)始用(yong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擋風(feng)蓋(gai)(gai)房(fang)頂，至今還(huan)無缺的(de)(de)保存(cun)著許多古(gu)拙秀美的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民居(ju)。重(zhong)慶青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄桿因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)落后，數(shu)百年來，歐美國(guo)度對板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舉辦(ban)深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛運(yun)用(yong)于修建(jian)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)，從(cong)博物館(guan)、教堂到(dao)市政廳(ting)、城堡等高級修建(jian)，黑色石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)已經成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)歐洲修建(jian)的(de)(de)象(xiang)征(zheng)之一(yi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)不是(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)而(er)是(shi)天(tian)然(ran)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(也(ye)(ye)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)巖)，板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和大(da)理石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、花崗巖、砂巖等相同(tong)是(shi)天(tian)然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)一(yi)種，其(qi)(qi)大(da)特(te)征(zheng)是(shi)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)然(ran)的(de)(de)劈理，能(neng)夠(gou)用(yong)手工(gong)(gong)或機械(xie)的(de)(de)方法將其(qi)(qi)劈分(fen)隔，所以(yi)修建(jian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產品的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)都未(wei)經機械(xie)打磨，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)古(gu)拙天(tian)然(ran)的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)特(te)征(zheng)。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)特(te)征(zheng)和蛻變效果的(de)(de)不一(yi)樣，板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)一(yi)有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)優(you)質材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)能(neng)夠(gou)被(bei)(bei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)蓋(gai)(gai)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)，這(zhe)些(xie)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)一(yi)般被(bei)(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)巖，不能(neng)做(zuo)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)被(bei)(bei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)飾面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，用(yong)作(zuo)墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)、地上(shang)的(de)(de)潤飾。重(zhong)慶石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)硬度都很硬，一(yi)同(tong)又因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)顏色秀美，形式多樣，所以(yi)在(zai)日子(zi)中(zhong)得到(dao)了廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)運(yun)用(yong)，運(yun)用(yong)數(shu)量也(ye)(ye)越來越大(da)，在(zai)咱們的(de)(de)日子(zi)中(zhong)效果也(ye)(ye)被(bei)(bei)逐步大(da)拓(tuo)展，跟著修建(jian)業的(de)(de)翻開(kai)以(yi)及裝修裝修工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)跋涉，已經成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)很廣(guang)(guang)(guang)泛的(de)(de)修建(jian)運(yun)用(yong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。

難點縫(feng)(feng)隙(xi)小(xiao)現在(zai)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)材拼花，一般都是電腦制(zhi)圖，水刀切割，工(gong)藝(yi)非(fei)常先進，誤差(cha)非(fei)常下。往(wang)往(wang)拼裝完(wan)成后，縫(feng)(feng)隙(xi)只有(you)0.1mm不(bu)到(dao)。這么狹小(xiao)的(de)(de)縫(feng)(feng)隙(xi)，補(bu)膠(jiao)難度很(hen)高。繁瑣電腦制(zhi)圖，可設計出極其復雜的(de)(de)拼花。這樣雖然效果(guo)很(hen)漂(piao)亮，但(dan)對補(bu)膠(jiao)而(er)言，小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)一個拼花，都有(you)可能是驚人的(de)(de)工(gong)作量。所(suo)以千萬別把(ba)拼花處(chu)理(li)，報普(pu)通工(gong)程的(de)(de)價——不(bu)能這么算。補(bu)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)和意(yi)義和普(pu)通石(shi)(shi)(shi)材護理(li)工(gong)程不(bu)同，石(shi)(shi)(shi)材拼花的(de)(de)補(bu)膠(jiao)處(chu)理(li)，還有(you)更重要的(de)(de)意(yi)義。實現真正的(de)(de)無縫(feng)(feng)化拼花雖然可以做到(dao)誤差(cha)極小(xiao)，但(dan)必須通過補(bu)膠(jiao)，填(tian)補(bu)縫(feng)(feng)隙(xi)，形(xing)成真正的(de)(de)整體表面。

才能真正達到完美的(de)(de)(de)效果。光(guang)線要(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)足調(diao)(diao)(diao)膠(jiao)(jiao)時，盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)白天，光(guang)照充(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)進行，以利于(yu)分(fen)辨色澤。要(yao)(yao)(yao)充(chong)分(fen)對(dui)比調(diao)(diao)(diao)膠(jiao)(jiao)時，要(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)斷與石材進行對(dui)比調(diao)(diao)(diao)整，直至(zhi)滿意的(de)(de)(de)效果為止。調(diao)(diao)(diao)膠(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)批(pi)(pi)(pi)次(ci)同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)區域需要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)，應一(yi)次(ci)調(diao)(diao)(diao)制完成(cheng)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)多次(ci)調(diao)(diao)(diao)膠(jiao)(jiao)，導致顏色不(bu)一(yi)。批(pi)(pi)(pi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)選擇調(diao)(diao)(diao)膠(jiao)(jiao)時，一(yi)般用的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具(ju)是批(pi)(pi)(pi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)。批(pi)(pi)(pi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求寬(kuan)度(du)不(bu)超過(guo)3寸(cun)，越寬(kuan)，力(li)量(liang)(liang)(liang)越分(fen)散(san)(san)，膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)勻度(du)就不(bu)夠。工(gong)具(ju)選擇批(pi)(pi)(pi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)補膠(jiao)(jiao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用到批(pi)(pi)(pi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)，寬(kuan)度(du)不(bu)應超過(guo)2寸(cun)。原(yuan)因在(zai)(zai)于(yu)防(fang)止力(li)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)多分(fen)散(san)(san)，不(bu)利于(yu)膠(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)滲入。刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片補膠(jiao)(jiao)過(guo)程中(zhong)，工(gong)人(ren)另一(yi)個(ge)必(bi)備的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具(ju)是刀(dao)(dao)(dao)片。目的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)發現污染(ran)，及(ji)時清除。否(fou)則，留(liu)在(zai)(zai)縫隙中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)，會造(zao)成(cheng)發黑、脫膠(jiao)(jiao)等問題。鞋套(tao)為防(fang)止灰(hui)塵的(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)，施工(gong)人(ren)員應穿戴鞋套(tao)入內施工(gong)。補膠(jiao)(jiao)操作補膠(jiao)(jiao)時，用批(pi)(pi)(pi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)將調(diao)(diao)(diao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)橫著刮(gua)到縫隙處(chu)，用力(li)擠壓。再沿縫隙處(chu)豎著刮(gua)去多余的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)，合理狀態下(xia)，補膠(jiao)(jiao)應在(zai)(zai)縫隙處(chu)留(liu)下(xia)0.2~0.3mm的(de)(de)(de)凸起(qi)。一(yi)方面為膠(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)干固過(guo)程中(zhong)留(liu)下(xia)余量(liang)(liang)(liang)，防(fang)止沉降出(chu)凹槽。

復合(he)結構(gou)復合(he)阻(zu)(zu)尼結構(gou)在(zai)(zai)減(jian)(jian)振(zhen)(zhen)降(jiang)噪(zao)工程(cheng)結構(gou)上也開始應(ying)用，它(ta)是(shi)薄彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)材料將幾層板(ban)粘結在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起的(de)(de)(de)具有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)阻(zu)(zu)尼特(te)性(xing)(xing)，并保持金(jin)屬板(ban)材料強度的(de)(de)(de)約(yue)束阻(zu)(zu)尼層結構(gou)，阻(zu)(zu)尼層厚度為(wei)0.10mm。在(zai)(zai)常(chang)溫和高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫（80—100℃）下(xia)具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)尼特(te)性(xing)(xing)，它(ta)對振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)能(neng)量的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)散(san)，從一(yi)般普通(tong)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)作功力(li)消(xiao)耗(hao)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)體變(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)功消(xiao)耗(hao)，使(shi)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)滯后應(ying)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度增加，另(ling)外，這種約(yue)束阻(zu)(zu)尼結構(gou)拉壓(ya)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)所消(xiao)散(san)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量，消(xiao)耗(hao)因子一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)0.3以(yi)(yi)上，大(da)(da)峰值(zhi)可在(zai)(zai)0.85，并且是(shi)有(you)寬頻(pin)帶控(kong)制特(te)性(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率范圍內起到(dao)抑制峰值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)作用，鋸片(pian)(pian)基體常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)復合(he)阻(zu)(zu)尼層結構(gou)為(wei)2層。利用復合(he)阻(zu)(zu)尼結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)鋸片(pian)(pian)基體有(you)如下(xia)特(te)點：（1）鋸片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)校平及應(ying)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)調整難度很大(da)(da)；（2）生產(chan)效(xiao)(xiao)率較(jiao)低，成(cheng)本較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；（3）加工處理(li)技術不(bu)當，基體會缺(que)乏軸向剛性(xing)(xing)。安裝及使(shi)用方法降(jiang)噪(zao)1、夾盤改造降(jiang)噪(zao)（1）在(zai)(zai)不(bu)影響(xiang)鋸切高(gao)(gao)(gao)度前提(ti)下(xia)，應(ying)盡量加大(da)(da)鋸片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)夾盤直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑，這樣可以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)鋸片(pian)(pian)剛性(xing)(xing)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)彎(wan)曲振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)，對降(jiang)低振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)噪(zao)聲是(shi)及其有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)，實(shi)驗(yan)研究證明(ming)，當夾盤直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑加大(da)(da)到(dao)鋸片(pian)(pian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑的(de)(de)(de)3/4倍時，減(jian)(jian)噪(zao)佳。（2）為(wei)了增加鋸片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)，使(shi)其受(shou)力(li)均勻(yun)，在(zai)(zai)夾盤上開一(yi)圈槽，嵌入橡膠條或(huo)軟金(jin)屬。

襄城裝修天然石材廠機器研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。nJ分為5道l序(xu)。①柑(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。柑(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)是為了校準(zhun)板(ban)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平堅度(du)與厚度(du)。②半(ban)絀磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。把板(ban)材初步磨(mo)(mo)(mo)絀，使(shi)1E達(da)到(dao)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平度(du)與厚度(du)。③絀磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。進一(yi)(yi)步磨(mo)(mo)(mo)絀是為了將石(shi)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顏包和(he)(he)花紋恩(en)小出來。④精磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。為拋光(guang)做好準(zhun)備，使(shi)i.表(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)有一(yi)(yi)定光(guang)澤度(du)。⑤拋光(guang)。使(shi)石(shi)材表(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)滑度(du)，表(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)具(ju)有大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反射光(guang)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，1E…有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花紋和(he)(he)顏包大限度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯露出來。一(yi)(yi)般情況卜，淺包石(shi)材比(bi)深包石(shi)材拋光(guang)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)效果更(geng)易展現。(2)火(huo)焰燒(shao)毛(mao)。川(chuan)火(huo)焰噴射器將錨剴后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)材表(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)燒(shao)毛(mao)，使(shi)1E恢復大然表(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)，再(zai)川(chuan)鋼艘刷刷掉表(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)碎片，再(zai)川(chuan)研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)機研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)，使(shi)表(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)色彩(cai)和(he)(he)觸感達(da)到(dao)裝飾(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。火(huo)焰燒(shao)毛(mao)常川(chuan)J‘花崗巖類板(ban)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)II(3)鑿毛(mao)。此(ci)加(jia)l方法(fa)分為手(shou)工(gong)、機具(ju)與手(shou)工(gong)相結(jie)合法(fa)，傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)工(gong)雕琢(zhuo)法(fa)耗人力(li)、周期長(chang)，但加(jia)工(gong)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制品表(biao)(biao)面層(ceng)次豐富、觀(guan)賞性強(qiang)；而(er)(er)(er)機具(ju)雕琢(zhuo)法(fa)提供了生產規模和(he)(he)效率(lv)。

石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)墻面(mian)有橫縫時(shi)(shi)（如V字縫，凹槽(cao)）時(shi)(shi)，陰角(jiao)收口(kou)均需(xu)45度（角(jiao)度稍小于(yu)45度，以利于(yu)拼接(jie)(jie)）拼接(jie)(jie)對(dui)角(jiao)處(chu)理，應在工(gong)廠(chang)內加工(gong)完成。4、石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)檢修門：（1）石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)暗門需(xu)采用(yong)熱鍍鋅角(jiao)剛(gang)，角(jiao)鋼(gang)大(da)小及(ji)(ji)滾(gun)珠軸承大(da)小根(gen)據門體的(de)(de)自重(zhong)選定(ding)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)部(bu)(bu)位作防(fang)銹(xiu)處(chu)理。（2）石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)干掛或(huo)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)，門邊、框邊切(qie)割面(mian)需(xu)拋光處(chu)理，鋼(gang)架面(mian)采用(yong)防(fang)潮板包封(feng)。（3）門與框之間安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)限(xian)位鏈。5、鋼(gang)架臺(tai)(tai)(tai)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)注意防(fang)銹(xiu)等的(de)(de)處(chu)理：（1）臺(tai)(tai)(tai)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)鐵甲(jia)須采用(yong)國標鍍鋅角(jiao)鋼(gang)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)處(chu)做防(fang)銹(xiu)處(chu)理。（2）臺(tai)(tai)(tai)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)于(yu)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)構(gou)件(jian)上，固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)構(gou)建(jian)與石(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)墊(dian)塊(kuai)用(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)或(huo)鍍鋅螺栓固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)，墊(dian)塊(kuai)背面(mian)及(ji)(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)粘(zhan)結部(bu)(bu)位需(xu)經打毛處(chu)理用(yong)大(da)理石(shi)(shi)膠(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)，臺(tai)(tai)(tai)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)與固(gu)(gu)(gu)定(ding)構(gou)件(jian)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)處(chu)需(xu)用(yong)橡皮墊(dian)塊(kuai)，臺(tai)(tai)(tai)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)與臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)板下沿口(kou)用(yong)耐候膠(jiao)(jiao)密封(feng)。